SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

Pruning methods can primarily affect grape production at various levels. Of the commonly affected features by pruning, the number of bunches has known to have a significant effect on the relation between the functions of assimilate sources and sinks. Further, fruitfulness can significantly be negatively influenced by shading. In this study, we aim to study the impact of 4, 6 and 8 buds per cane with pruning intensity as light, moderate and severely pruned and their interaction in the course two consecutive years, 2017 and 2018 in ‘Sahebi’ and ‘Halagho’ (both seeded red table grape cultivars). In 2018, lightly pruned ‘Halagho’ and having 8 buds per cane increased number of bunches by 54.00, which had the highest value. Results showed that there is apical buds bear more fruit by comparison to the buds with vegetative nature, 1 to 4 first buds. Based upon the outcomes of this study, it could be concluded that due to the stresses imposed by the pruning of the vines, therefore, the chemical compounds increases in order alleviate the negative aftermaths . In 2018, whole berry antioxidant activity in both cultivars was significantly lessened, and this decline was higher in ‘Saahebi’. The number of bunches was increased by increasing cane length or bud load/cane. Overall, the pruning program has an impactful role in bunch number as well as antioxidant activity and in the long-run on accumulated reserves, which makes choosing and applying a specific pruning method undeniably important. Thus, emphasize the importance of further research in this field.

Background: Despite innovations in orthopedic dentistry, the manufacture of removable dentures belongs to the most popular orthopedic care category. Removable dentures are combined stimuli that affect the mucous membrane and neuro-receptor apparatus. Acrylic plastic prostheses, widely used in prosthetic dentistry, have a negative side mechanical, chemical-toxic, sensitizing, and thermal insulating effect on oral tissue and prosthetic impression area. This is often complicated by a violation of the biocenosis of the oral cavity, the growth of pathogenic microflora that releases toxins, especially an increase in the number of yeast colonies that irritate the oral mucosa and prosthetic stomatitis. According to the WHO, one-fifth of the world s population suffers or has suffered various candidiasis forms at least once. The worldwide increase in the incidence of the disease is primarily related to the fact that this infection is opportunistic, more than half of the world s population is a carrier of fungi of this kind, i.e., in most cases, it is an endogenous infection, which makes candidiasis different from other opportunistic mycoses. Aims: The purpose of this study was to study the prevalence of candidiasis in patients using removable dentures and to evaluate the effectiveness and prevention of candidiasis treatment. Methods: 100 patients with oral candidiasis of various age groups from 45 to 65 years were observed. Of these, 60 patients with removable plate prostheses; 40 patients with partially removable prostheses. Results and Discussion: Chronic forms of candidiasis were diagnosed in 40 patients and with exacerbation of chronic forms of candidiasis-60 people. The number of untreated carious cavities and poor hygienic condition of the oral cavity directly affects the severity of candidiasis. Acute forms of candidiasis were observed mainly in patients with high DMF and PMA indices. The severity of candidiasis depends on the degree and duration of wearing dentures and hygienic conditions - the most severe forms of invasive candidiasis were observed in the presence of removable plate prostheses, the complete absence of teeth, and the use of a prosthesis for more than 10-15 years. A combined lesion of the oral mucosa and the red border of the lips was observed mainly in patients older than 60 years. Conclusions: The presence of candidiasis in the oral cavity in patients with removable plate prostheses leads to a statistically significant change in the indicators of local immunity of the oral cavity: an increase in the concentration of serum IgG and IgA and the values of the coefficient of the balance of local immunity factors.

In many low-temperature areas, the environmental factor is an important limiting factor for the production and distribution of horticultural plants. This study aimed to investigate the cold tolerance of the male catkins and inoculated female flowers to screen the popular native hazelnut cultivars in Qazvin under low-temperature stress. A completely randomized factorial block design with three replications was used in this experiment with eight cultivars (Nakhnroud, Khandan, Mish-Pestan, South of Qarabagh, Asl-e-Qarabagh, Rasmi, and Gerdashkevar). After removing each of the treated samples at the end of the experiment, the samples were examined morphologically (appearance) and compared with the control. The changes were recorded as qualitative traits. To understand the influence of cold stress on reproductive organs, hydrogen peroxide and proline were measured. The results showed the onset of freezing in unopened male catkins at -7 and -9 °C and in inoculated female flowers at -3 °C. Damage to unopened male catkins' tissue occurred at -11 °C and in female flowers at -5 °C. The highest value observed among cultivars in the case for proline content of male catkins was in Mish-Pestan and Khandan cultivars with 0.816 and 0.660 µmol/ g FW, respectively. In inoculated female flowers, Mish-Pestan and Tabestaneh cultivars with 0.185 and 0.168 µmol/ g FW, respectively, showed the highest statistically significantincrease in proline content. Interestingly, the cultivars with the highest proline content in male catkins indicated the most increase in H2O2; Mish-Pestan and Khnadan with 0.569 and 0.541 ug/g FW, respectively. Asl-eQarabagh was observed to have the least H2O2 content (0.042 ug/g FW) among cultivars. Again, in inoculated female flowers, those with the highest concentration of proline (Mish-Pestan and Tabestaneh) were found to have the highest H2O2 content (0.335 and 0.331 ug/g FW, respectively