SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

Background: A client requested that the study group help determine suitable locations for a drilling regime on his lot, located on an upslope rocky knoll in Lawu Estate, Minna, Nigeria. There is no luxury of conducting an unimpeded wide-area survey for this housing Estate, as it is built up almost entirely. Therefore, the constrained area to be surveyed necessitated the adoption of the "electrical drilling," or vertical electrical sounding, mode of the geoelectrical method to satisfy the client's inquiry. Aim: To carry out a purpose-specific survey to pinpoint the best location in a built-up property at the upmarket Lawu Estate that would be suitable for a drilling regime targeted for household consumption. The specific objectives are to determine the subsurface layer structure, to identify fracture zones with potential for water accumulation, and to estimate the depths of potential aquifers. Methods: The survey crew reconnoitered the study area to georeference locations for the VES survey within the 30 m x 20 m lot. Owing to the extensive build-up at this lot, only a four-point traverse along the 30-metric dimension of the building's frontage was demarcated in the northeasterly direction, thereby limiting the survey crew's desire to define an appropriate survey grid. The VES data acquisition followed the "traditional" sequence of Schlumberger array layout measurements, in which the current and potential probes are maintained at the same relative spacing and the whole spread is progressively expanded about a fixed central point. Results: Log-log and pseudosection plots were generated from the acquired data, from which the conventional three-layer structure is deciphered, with a desired 193 Ωm for VES Station 4 at the third layer. Discussion: The acquired and processed data for this study were subjected to a suite of empirical rules-of-thumb procedures for interpreting VES data in the Nigerian Basement Complex geological province, with VES Station 4 showing the most encouraging 100% result. Conclusion: Drilling to a depth of 100 m at Station 4 is recommended based on the identified fractured basement at this depth.

Background: A new management model for construction and demolition waste (CDW) was proposed for the city of Rio de Janeiro, hence waste the city planning area estimated generation; the results were compared with the data published by COMLURB and SNIS through the statistics tests was proved that CDW had been dispersed, which support the hypothesis that the current model cause dispersion of the rubble. Aim: This study proposes a new management model for CDW to the city, according to regions where occur the higher production of rubble. Methods: The estimation of rubble was obtained through the issued licenses from 2006 to 2020 published by SMPU. The quantification of rubble in the city was carried out by adopting the generation indicator from licensed construction activities. The amount of CDW published by COMLURB and SNIS was compared through statistics tests ANOVA and T-Test, the second period from 2006 to 2020 and 2011 to 2020. To measure the area to implant a CDW recycling plant, criteria from production capacity were used. Results: ANOVA test to data from 2006 to 2020 and 2011 to 2020, according to a confidence interval of 95%, found the P value 0.589 and 0.022, respectively, it was verified that the significant difference is between data from COMLURB and Estimated. The T-test was applied from the same period in data from SNIS and estimated the P values 0.399 and 0.014. Discussion: The data from Estimating between 2006 and 2020 showed the best representation. The Área de Planejamento – AP (Planning Area) 4 was where 50.70% of the total rubble, after the AP 3 with 17.66%, the AP 5 was estimated at 16.59%, last of all, AP 2 and AP 1 were calculated the generation of 8.28% and 6.77%, respectively. Therefore, sizing the CDW recycling producing 361,99.00 tons per year demands an area of 32,397.50 m². Conclusions: It was concluded that the receipt of CDW in transfer stations managed by COMLURB is not allowed; therefore, the need to create a construction waste recycling plant was presented, to this end, it is necessary to have an available area of approximately 32,397.50 m².

It is investigated the effect of synthesized organic compounds of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2- dihydroquinoline, its derivatives, and hydrogenated analogs. These compounds affected the height of seedlings when they were used for pre-sowing seed treatment of the following ornamental plants: annual ornamental grass – scarlet sage (Salvia splendens) and woody plant – yellow rhododendron (Rhododendron luteum). Prior to the sprouting process, the seeds of Rh. luteum and S. splendens were soaked in water solutions of compounds with concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% for 18 hours. Dihydro- and tetrahydroquinolines with a concentration of 0.05% proved to be the most effective for both plants. For Rhododendron luteum, the compounds of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, its derivatives, and hydrogenated analogs with a concentration of 0.1% proved to be the most effective. Dihydroquinolines at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1% proved to have the strongest effect when applied to the studied perennial woody plant (Rhododendron luteum). Dihydroquinoline at the concentration of 0.05% also proved to be effective when applied to the annual grass (Salvia splendens). For annual S. splendens, tetrahydroquinoline at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05% appeared to be the most effective. The pre-sowing seed treatment of grass Salvia splendens and woody plant Rhododendron luteum with the studied compounds demonstrated that their effect on the height of the seedlings is species-specific. The pre-sowing seed treatment of Rh. luteum and S. splendens allows increasing the height of the seedlings by 3-61 % and 17-25 %, respectively. It is suggested using the compounds of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4- trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, its derivatives, and hydrogenated analogs as effective growth stimulators for ornamental grasses and woody plants.