SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

Background: The Araucaria angustifolia is a prominent tree species indigenous to the southern regions of Brazil. The tree can be a source of different compounds of interest if properly used. Aims: This research aims to compare the alcoholic extraction of compounds from Araucaria angustifolia using two different methods, microwave-assisted extraction and maceration extraction. Methods: Alcahoolic extractions of compounds from the sawdust of Araucaria angustifolia were performed using microwave-assisted extraction and maceration extraction. The color was observed by eye inspection. The taste was observed by putting the samples into the mouth and tasting it. The olfactive test was conducted at hot and cold temperatures. Results: it was obtained red color solution, both from the bark and from the branch. The intensity of the color changed with the extraction method and time of maceration. The solutions tasted like "green wood". Discussion: MAE and Maceration extraction can provide extracts from the bark and branch of the araucaria tree. There is the possibility that the “green wood” taste of the MAE extract can be changed with the thermal treatment of the wood. Conclusions: microwave-assisted extraction can perform the faster extraction of compounds from Araucaria angustifolia than maceration extraction.

This study was designed to prepare vaccines. Cancer vaccines promote the destruction of cancer cells,and the cancer cells contain special antigens on their surface when the vaccine is given, it acts as an antigen to activate the immune system. The IL-2 stimulates the response to a type of cells called T-cell, and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) targeting cancer cells by stimulating the immunity to respond with it two types including innate andadaptive immunity, that lead to stimulating the immune system to reduce mammary adenocarcinoma induction in lab mice using T4-1 cell line breast cancer by taking blood and serum to evaluate the immune system efficacy. The tumor induction success by monitoring mice body weight loss showed the lost weight began in the third week after tumor induction, so 23.2 g at first and second week to 14.35 g at the end of the fourth week, whereas the control animals were weighed 32.37 g. The immunity system efficacy results appear a difference in blood and serum parameters after cancer induction. The result shows an increase in total WBC and monocytes (5900, 0.2 cells/mm respectively) but non significantly decreased in neutrophils and lymphocytes count (2.6, 5.9 cells/mm, respectively). Therefore, the first and second doses of vaccines increased the antibody and complement of the immune system compared with control. While Eliaza data for cytokines profile referred to elevated IL2 (26.5 pg/ml)in the serum of vaccination mice but only significantly decreased in IL6 and IL-22 amount (20.4 and 19.6 pg/ml respectively) comparing with control.

Background: The interview was conducted with Professor Paulo Wilton da Luz Câmara, who serves as an associate professor at the University of Vassouras, general coordinator of postgraduate lato sensu programs, and deputy coordinator of the Master's in Environmental Sciences. The Professor has extensive academic and corporate experience. Objectives: The main objectives were to understand the importance of corporate experience in the role of a professor and researcher, discuss the evolution of public entrepreneurship policies in Brazil, understand the role of incubators, explore research on renewable energies in the defense sector, and learn about planned innovations for postgraduate programs. Methods: The interview was conducted in a semi-structured format with open-ended questions. The audio was transcribed for subsequent analysis and content structuring. Results: Corporate experience significantly influences academic performance. There has been relative improvement in public entrepreneurship policies, but the involved bodies lack specific knowledge. Incubators are necessary tools to foster entrepreneurship and innovation. The main challenges in renewable energy research for defense are awareness and organizational policy. Planned innovations for postgraduate programs include connecting education levels, shared management, and an open committee. Discussion: The Professor highlights the importance of practical corporate experience in enriching academic performance, noting advances in entrepreneurship policies while emphasizing the need for more specific knowledge. Incubators are seen as essential to fostering entrepreneurship and innovation. In the field of renewable energy applied to defense, challenges are related to awareness and organizational policy. Conclusion: The interview underscores the relevance of practical corporate experience in enriching academic performance and the need to improve entrepreneurship policies. Incubators are fundamental to fostering entrepreneurship and innovation. Research on renewable energies in defense faces challenges of awareness and organizational policy. Planned innovations for postgraduate programs aim for greater integration and participation.