SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

During the construction of concrete structures of small cross-sections, the release of heat during cementhardening has no harmful effects. With the increasing temperature of the hardening cement mass, the rate ofcement hydration increases. This increases the rate of release of its heat of hydration of cement. Theconsequence of the accelerated process of hydration of the binder is a more intensive increase in the strengthof cement stone than in the case of hardening under normal conditions. This fact is widely used in practice forthe intensification of the hardening of concrete. When structures with small cross-sections are being built, theheat released during hardening is relatively quickly transferred to the surrounding space and does not cause asignificant increase in temperature. In structures made of massive concrete (with a large cross-section), thisheat is stored in the interior of the array for a long time, which causes a rather large rise in temperature and itsslow drop. This is due to the fact that heat transfer to the external environment is hampered here by theconsiderable thickness of the massif and the rapid rate of concreting, mechanized laying of large masses ofconcrete. As a result, a temperature difference is created between the internal and external parts of thestructure and harmful internal stresses arise that can cause cracking in the hardened concrete. This leads to aviolation of its solidity. The faster cement hydrates, the sooner and more heat is released. The types of cementswith a high content of tricalcium silicate and aluminate emit more heat and rather than types of cement with ahigh content of dicalcium silicate and tetra-calcium aluminoferrite. However, the latter has a lower strength. Theincrease in strength resulting from the hydration process is inevitably associated with the release of heat into theenvironment. C

E-selectin, as identified (CD62E), is expressed on endothelial cells after stimulation with inflammation cytokines. β-Thalassemia diseases (βT) and early diagnosis are of utmost significance in the entire world population. This study was performed in the Thalassemia Center of the Al-Zahraa Educational Hospital in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq, on sixty-nine with β-thalassemia (54 βT major and 15 βT Intermedia) aged 8-40 years who transfused blood. Compared to 20 healthy volunteers as a control group. In both βT patients and healthy groups were assessed serum E-selectin levels. It was investigated the relationship with RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, PLT, BMI, splenic status, iron, and ferritin levels. The results revealed a significant (P<0.05) decreased values of HB, RBC, P.C.V, and BMI. In contrast, values of WBC, PLT, Iron, and Ferritin were significantly increased in βT patients as compared to the healthy control groups. A significant (P<0.05) increase in serum E- Selectin level in βT patients (20.55±0.47) ng/ml to compare with the healthy group (9.16±0.50) ng/ml. Furthermore, it was a significant decrease in groups of βT major (19.87±0.42) ng/ml more than in βT intermedia (23±1.42) ng/ml. E-Selectin revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in progress age and associated with splenectomies and underweight groups compared to splenectomies and the normal weight groups, respectively. Also, E-Selectin levels significantly positively correlated with WBC, PLT value, iron, and Ferritin levels. However, it was no significant with RBC, PCV, Hb. As a conclusion from this study, E- Selectin is an important biomarker in β-thalassemia patients can be identified as the complications associated with iron overload, inflammatory process, and endothelial dysfunction in βT disease. 

Background: Aluminum stands out for being a light, corrosion-resistant, and recyclable metal, achieving wide coverage in the market. When incorporated into alloying elements, it is possible to acquire other desirable characteristics. Alloy 6063, intended for architectural purposes, has aesthetic, structural, and strength functions. Anodized finishing is performed through an electrolytic process, ensuring a more resistant aluminum oxide film than that formed naturally. For decorative purposes, the anodic film coloration can be performed by several methodologies, in this case, for the coloration by organic adsorption, with the use of aniline, and the electrolytic coloration, composed of tin sulfate salts, both for obtaining the black color. Aim: Compare of two different staining methods on the surface of anodized profiles of aluminum alloy 6063. Methods: Profile samples were collected and tests were carried out to measure the thickness of the anodic layer, immersion tests with 3,5 percent sodium chloride, for 1000 hours, and neutral saline mist, for 600 hours. Results and Discussion: Both methodologies proved to be resistant to immersion tests with sodium chloride, as well as with neutral saline mist, and these tests are quite aggressive and provide corrosion of the material when not well treated. Corrosion points were only seen at the intersections performed, and in the rest of thearea, no points were detected. Conclusions: The result of both methodologies was positive, considering tht there was no corrosion in the tested samples, except in the intersections performed, as well as the maintenance of the color in both tested methodologies, which was not expected in the literature. For future work, it is suggested to deepen the study to perform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests for exaluate the strength of the anodic film and perform anodizing with the same parameters, however, with different anilines to analyze their behavior.